| Pythagoras | | pi-THAG-ər-əs (English) | Ancient Greek | |
| Rhode | | - | Ancient Greek, Biblical Greek, Biblical Latin | |
| Roxana | | rahk-SAN-ə (English), rok-SAHN-ah (Spanish) | English, Spanish, Romanian, Ancient Greek (Latinized) | |
| Roxane | | rok-SAHN (French), rahk-SAN (English) | French, English, Ancient Greek | |
| Sappho | | SAF-o (English) | Ancient Greek | |
| Seleucus | | - | Ancient Greek (Latinized) | |
| Seleukos | | - | Ancient Greek | |
| Simonides | | - | Ancient Greek | |
| Socrates | | SAHK-rə-teez (English) | Ancient Greek (Latinized) | |
| Sokrates | | - | Ancient Greek | |
| Solon | | - | Ancient Greek | |
| Sophia | | so-FEE-ə (English), so-FIE-ə (British English), zo-FEE-ah (German) | English, Greek, German, Ancient Greek | |
| Sophocles | | SAHF-u-kleez (English) | Ancient Greek (Latinized) | |
| Sophokles | | - | Ancient Greek | |
| Sophos | | - | Ancient Greek | |